I don't know about the glitch that people use to make ridiculous weapons, but you can normally apply a not-too-exploitative technique along the following lines without reaching 100 anywhere, but higher levels will produce exponentially stronger effects:
First you need the fortify enchantment potion recipe (and ideally the Blacksmiths' potion recipe) and the fortify alchemy and fortify smithing enchantment, which you can get by disenchanting gear you find with these enchantments... There is also a special Notched Pickaxe with a Fortify Smithing enchantment, which you can find at a really high place, that you can equip or disenchant for a smithing enchantment that can be applied to weapons.
Drink a FE potion and enchant a full set of gear with Fortify Alchemy enchantments.
Now wear the Fortify Alchemy gear and make some stronger Fortify Enchantment potions. Use those potions to enchant and make stronger Fortify Alchemy gear, wear it and make some stronger Fortify Enchanting and Fortify Smithing Potions.
Use the new FE potions to enchant a full set of gear with F Smitihing enchantments , then wear that gear and drink a Blacksmith's potion at a forge to make or improve gear much more .
Hope that makes sense. There is probably a most efficient way to begin the loop, depending on which skill you are at a higher level with, Alchemy or Enchanting.